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https://www.revistacefac.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/1982-0216/20262848925
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Impact of cisplatin and gemcitabine on auditory function in women with breast cancer: A study in Sergipe, Brazil

Impacto da cisplatina e gencitabina na função auditiva de mulheres com câncer de mama: estudo em Sergipe

Priscila Feliciano de Oliveira; Crislaine Ramos da Silva Batista; Maria Aparecida Reis Santana; Suellen Santos Villela; Gyovanna Feitosa de Moura; Thaís dos Santos Azevedo; Daiane Conceição dos Santos; Beatriz Bispo dos Santos; Ingrid Victória Vasconcelos de Andrade; Aylla Kauany Dantas Alquino Souza

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/20262848925 Revista CEFAC, vol.28, n4, e8925, 2026
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Abstract

Purpose: to evaluate outer hair cell function in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine.

Methods: a prospective cohort study including 31 females with a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer who were evaluated before and after treatment completion. The initial audiological assessment included pure-tone audiometry, tympanometry, and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). After chemotherapy, DPOAEs were reassessed at frequencies ranging from 2 to 12 kHz, considering responses ≥3 dB SPL as present. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05).

Results: a significant reduction in DPOAE amplitude was observed at 12 kHz, with 71% of participants showing absent responses at this frequency (p=0.001), indicating subclinical impairment of cochlear function. Auditory complaints, such as tinnitus (22.6%) and difficulty understanding speech in noisy environments (58.1%), were not significantly correlated with DPOAE alterations.

Conclusion: the chemotherapy regimen with cisplatin and gemcitabine induces subclinical alterations in outer hair cell function, particularly at high frequencies, even in the absence of perceptible auditory symptoms. The high prevalence of absent responses at 12 kHz reinforces the need to include extended high frequencies in auditory monitoring protocols.

Keywords

Neoplasms; Ototoxicity; Drug Therapy; Hearing Loss

Resumo

Objetivo: avaliar a funcionalidade das células ciliadas externas em mulheres com câncer de mama submetidas a quimioterapia com cisplatina e gencitabina.

Métodos: estudo de coorte prospectivo envolvendo 31 mulheres com diagnóstico confirmado de câncer de mama, avaliadas antes e após o término do tratamento. A avaliação auditiva inicial incluiu audiometria tonal, timpanometria e emissões otoacústicas evocadas por produto de distorção (EOAPD). Após a quimioterapia, repetiram-se as EOAPD nas frequências de 2 a 12 kHz, considerando respostas ≥3 dB SPL como presentes. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e inferenciais, com significância de 5% (p<0,05).

Resultados: observou-se redução significativa da amplitude das EOAPD em 12 kHz, com 71% das participantes apresentando falha nessa frequência (p=0,001), indicando comprometimento subclínico da função coclear. Queixas auditivas, como zumbido (22,6%) e dificuldade de compreensão em ambientes ruidosos (58,1%), não apresentaram correlação significativa com as alterações nas EOAPD.

Conclusão: o regime quimioterápico com cisplatina e gencitabina induz alterações subclínicas na função das células ciliadas externas, especialmente em altas frequências, mesmo na ausência de sintomas auditivos perceptíveis. A elevada prevalência de falhas em 12 kHz reforça a necessidade de inclusão de frequências estendidas nos protocolos de monitoramento auditivo.

Palavras-chave

Neoplasias; Ototoxicidade; Tratamento Farmacológico; Perda Auditiva

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Submitted date:
08/26/2025

Accepted date:
04/24/2026

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