Language in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: a review
Linguagem no transtorno do espectro alcoólico fetal: uma revisão
Giulia Ganthous; Natalia Freitas Rossi; Célia Maria Giacheti
Abstract
The Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders is a clinical condition has aroused the interest of researchers as it is considered relatively common in the population, with an incidence of approximately 10 cases per 1000 births. The neurodevelopmental changes that characterize the phenotype of this condition are described by the presence of loss of memory, attention, visuospatial ability, executive function, learning and impairment in spoken language. Considering the damage of language of the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, we proposed to review the literature to identify which procedures are used in the assessment of language and findings reported in language of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. The 21 articles selected in this review reflect variability in methodology and commonly used procedures assessment of spoken language. The profile of the spoken language of individuals diagnosed with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders characterized by different performance and with varying degrees of impairment. There are several factors that influence the variability of spoken language impairment described in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, and the quantity of alcohol consumed, the gestation period that occurred consumption and individual susceptibility of each fetus to metabolize alcohol in the body are often described.
Keywords
Resumo
O Transtorno do Espectro Alcoólico Fetal é uma condição clínica que vem despertando o interesse de diferentes pesquisadores por ser considerada relativamente frequente na população, com incidência de aproximadamente 10 casos a cada 1000 nascimentos. As alterações neurodesenvolvimentais que caracterizam o fenótipo desta condição são descritas pela presença de prejuízos de memória, de atenção, da habilidade visuo-espacial, das funções executivas, de aprendizagem, bem como do comprometimento na linguagem falada. Considerando os prejuízos da linguagem que permeiam o Espectro Alcoólico Fetal, este trabalho propõe-se a realizar uma revisão da literatura para identificar quais os procedimentos e achados reportados na área da linguagem para essa condição clínica. Os 21 artigos selecionados nesta revisão refletem uma variabilidade na metodologia empregada e distintos procedimentos de avaliação da linguagem falada. O perfil da linguagem falada dos indivíduos com diagnóstico de Transtorno do Espectro Alcoólico Fetal caracteriza-se por diferentes desempenhos na linguagem falada e com grau de comprometimento variável. Diversos fatores influenciam na variabilidade de comprometimento da linguagem falada descrito no Transtorno do Espectro Alcoólico Fetal, sendo que a quantidade de álcool ingerida, o período de gestação em que ocorreu o consumo e a susceptibilidade individual do feto ao metabolizar o álcool no organismo são frequentemente descritos.
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Referências
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Submetido em:
20/01/2014
Aceito em:
16/04/2014
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