Analysis of the risk factors for stuttering in disfluent children without familial recurrence
Análise dos fatores de risco para gagueira em crianças disfluentes sem recorrência familial
Cristiane Moço Canhetti de Oliveira; Heloisa Aparecida de Souza; Ana Claudia dos Santos; Denise de Souza Cunha
Abstract
Purpose: to analyze the following factors: gender, age, type of the onset of disfluencies, duration and typology of disfluencies; physical and emotional stresses and communicative and qualitative factors associated in children with high risk for stuttering and without familial recurrence of the disorder.
Method: 43 children with high risk for developing mental sporadic stuttering of both genders. Data were gathered through the Protocol of Risk for Stuttering Developmental- PRGD.
Results: the ratio male to female was 3.3:1. The occurrence of communicative factors associated in males (p=0.003) was the only statistically significant difference in the analyzed risk factors in male and female. There was a resemblance concerning the findings between male and female: Concerning the duration of the disfluencies, the majority showed more than twelve months of duration, the stuttering-like disfluencies (SLD) were more frequent, the presence of emotional stresses occurred in the majority of the children, and lastly, the qualitative factors associated, such as fast speech rate, tension, and lack of coordination between respiration and phonation were found in most samples.
Conclusion: the results of this study suggest that in children with high risk for sporadic stuttering there occurs the interaction of numerous factors, suggesting that this disorder is multifactorial. It was also possible to conclude that the interaction of some risk factors such as male gender, stuttering-like disfluencies (SLD) manifested by more than 12 months with persistent onset, in the presence of communicative and qualitative factors associated may represent increased risk for developing persistent stuttering.
Keywords
Resumo
Objetivo: analisar os fatores gênero, idade, tipo de surgimento da gagueira, tempo de duração e tipologia das disfluências, fatores estressantes físicos e emocionais, e fatores comunicativos e qualitativos associados em crianças disfluentes sem recorrência familial do distúrbio.
Método: participaram 43 crianças com alto risco para a gagueira de ambos os gêneros. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio do Protocolo de Risco para a Gagueira do Desenvolvimento – PRGD.
Resultados: a razão masculino/feminino foi de 3,3:1. A única diferença estatisticamente significante dos fatores de risco analisados nos gêneros masculino e feminino foi a maior ocorrência de fatores comunicativos associados no gênero masculino (p=0,003). Houve uma semelhança dos achados entre os meninos e as meninas: quanto ao tempo de duração das disfluências a maioria apresentou mais de 12 meses de duração, a tipologia gaga foi a mais freqüente, a presença de fatores estressantes emocionais ocorreu na maior parte das crianças, e finalmente os fatores qualitativos associados, como taxa de elocução aumentada, tensão visível e incoordenação pneumo-fono-articulatória estiveram presentes em grande parte da amostra.
Conclusão: os resultados desta investigação permitiram concluir que nos casos de crianças com alto risco para a gagueira isolada ocorreu a interação de inúmeros fatores, sugerindo que o distúrbio é multifatorial. Também foi possível concluir que a interação de alguns fatores como gênero masculino, tipologia gaga manifestada por mais de 12 meses, com início persistente, na presença de fatores qualitativos e comunicativos associados pode representar risco maior para o desenvolvimento da gagueira persistente.
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References
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Submitted date:
12/29/2010
Accepted date:
03/23/2011
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